See chef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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},
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},
{
"form": "chevest",
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},
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},
{
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},
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"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (head)",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Leaders"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chefly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "chief"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chief"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:chief"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*káput\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kaput\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caput\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"capus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chief\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"chef\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"chef\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French chief, from Latin caput.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cheve",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheve",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "chever",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "chevest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chief",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyeef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "chevest",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "cheve",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "chever",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "superlative",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chef (plural and weak singular cheve, comparative chever, superlative chevest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cheve",
"2": "chever",
"3": "chevest"
},
"expansion": "chef (plural and weak singular cheve, comparative chever, superlative chevest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chief, head, top-ranking, executive; being in ultimate control."
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"top-ranking",
"top-ranking"
],
[
"executive",
"executive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Principal, foremost, predominant, primary; having the greatest importance."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"High-quality, outstanding, notable, worthy; deserving recognition."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Infamous; grave."
],
"links": [
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Infamous; grave."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeːf/"
}
],
"word": "chef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kap- (head)",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Leaders"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:chief"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kap-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*káput\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kaput\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caput\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"capus\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chief\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"chef\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"chef\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chief"
},
"expansion": "Old French chief",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "caput"
},
"expansion": "Latin caput",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French chief, from Latin caput.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cheef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cheefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chefe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chief",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chif",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyeef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chyff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chef",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chef",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Principally, (the) most."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Principally, (the) most."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃeːf/"
}
],
"word": "chef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Leaders"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "chef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of chaf"
],
"links": [
[
"chaf",
"chaf#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chef meaning in Middle English (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.